Python: set() function
set() function
The set() function is used to create a set object.
Read more about set from Python Set and Python Exercises.
Version:
(Python 3.2.5)
Syntax:
set([iterable])
Parameter:
Name | Description | Required / Optional |
---|---|---|
iterable | A sequence. | Optional |
Return value:
An empty set without any parameters.
A set constructed from the given iterable parameter.
Example: Python set() function
# empty set
print(set())
# from string
print(set('Python'))
# from tuple
print(set(('e', 'x', 'e', 'r', 'c', 'i','s','e')))
# from list
print(set(['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u']))
# from range
print(set(range(7)))
Output:
set() {'h', 'y', 'n', 't', 'o', 'P'} {'s', 'i', 'r', 'c', 'e', 'x'} {'i', 'o', 'a', 'e', 'u'} {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
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Find current directory and file's directory:
To get the full path to the directory a Python file is contained in, write this in that file:
import os dir_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
(Note that the incantation above won't work if you've already used os.chdir() to change your current working directory, since the value of the __file__ constant is relative to the current working directory and is not changed by an os.chdir() call.)
To get the current working directory use
import os cwd = os.getcwd()
Documentation references for the modules, constants and functions used above:
- The os and os.path modules.
- The __file__ constant
- os.path.realpath(path) (returns "the canonical path of the specified filename, eliminating any symbolic links encountered in the path")
- os.path.dirname(path) (returns "the directory name of pathname path")
- os.getcwd() (returns "a string representing the current working directory")
- os.chdir(path) ("change the current working directory to path")
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