Python: open() function
open() function
The open() function is used to open a file and returns it as a file object.
Version:
(Python 3.2.5)
Syntax:
open(file, mode='r', buffering=-1, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None, closefd=True, opener=None)
Parameter:
Name | Description | Required / Optional |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
file | path-like object (representing a file system path) giving the pathname. | Required | ||||||||||||||||||
mode |
|
Optional | ||||||||||||||||||
buffering | Set buffering policy. | Optional | ||||||||||||||||||
encoding | Encode or decode the file. | Optional | ||||||||||||||||||
error | String specifying how to handle encoding/decoding errors. | Optional | ||||||||||||||||||
newline | how newlines mode works (available values: None, ' ', '\n', 'r', and '\r\n'. | Optional | ||||||||||||||||||
closefd | True. If a file descriptor is given, it is closed when the returned I/O object is closed, unless closefd is set to False. | Optional | ||||||||||||||||||
opener | A custom opener can be used by passing a callable as opener. | Optional |
Return value:
Returns a file object which can used to read, write and modify file.
Example: Python open() function
# opens example.text file of the current directory
x = open("example.txt")
print(open("example.txt"))
Create file: example.txt
Twinkle, twinkle, little star, How I wonder what you are! Up above the world so high, Like a diamond in the sky. Twinkle, twinkle, little star, How I wonder what you are!
Output:
<_io.TextIOWrapper name='example.txt' mode='r' encoding='UTF-8'>
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Find current directory and file's directory:
To get the full path to the directory a Python file is contained in, write this in that file:
import os dir_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
(Note that the incantation above won't work if you've already used os.chdir() to change your current working directory, since the value of the __file__ constant is relative to the current working directory and is not changed by an os.chdir() call.)
To get the current working directory use
import os cwd = os.getcwd()
Documentation references for the modules, constants and functions used above:
- The os and os.path modules.
- The __file__ constant
- os.path.realpath(path) (returns "the canonical path of the specified filename, eliminating any symbolic links encountered in the path")
- os.path.dirname(path) (returns "the directory name of pathname path")
- os.getcwd() (returns "a string representing the current working directory")
- os.chdir(path) ("change the current working directory to path")
Ref: https://bit.ly/3fy0R6m
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