Python: hash() function
hash() function
The hash() function returns the hash value of the object (if it has one).
Hash values are integers. They are used to quickly compare dictionary keys during a dictionary lookup. Numeric values that compare equal have the same hash value (even if they are of different types, as is the case for 1 and 1.0).
Version:
(Python 3.2.5)
Syntax:
hash(object)
Parameter:
Name | Description | Required / Optional |
---|---|---|
object | An object. | Required. |
Example: Python hash() function
# hash for integer unchanged
print('Hash for 252 is:', hash(252))
# hash for decimal
print('Hash for 252.25 is:',hash(252.25))
# hash for string
print('Hash for Python is:', hash('Python Example'))
Output:
Hash for 252 is: 252 Hash for 252.25 is: 576460752303423740 Hash for Python is: 4427590093227766552
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Find current directory and file's directory:
To get the full path to the directory a Python file is contained in, write this in that file:
import os dir_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
(Note that the incantation above won't work if you've already used os.chdir() to change your current working directory, since the value of the __file__ constant is relative to the current working directory and is not changed by an os.chdir() call.)
To get the current working directory use
import os cwd = os.getcwd()
Documentation references for the modules, constants and functions used above:
- The os and os.path modules.
- The __file__ constant
- os.path.realpath(path) (returns "the canonical path of the specified filename, eliminating any symbolic links encountered in the path")
- os.path.dirname(path) (returns "the directory name of pathname path")
- os.getcwd() (returns "a string representing the current working directory")
- os.chdir(path) ("change the current working directory to path")
Ref: https://bit.ly/3fy0R6m
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