Python: dict() function
dict() function
The dict() function is used to create a new dictionary.
Read more about dictionaries from Python Dictionaries and Python Exercises.
Version:
(Python 3)
Syntax:
dict(**kwarg) dict(mapping, **kwarg) dict(iterable, **kwarg)
Example: Create Dictionary Using keyword arguments only
num = dict(a=10, b=0)
print('num = ',num)
print(type(num))
empty = dict()
print('empty = ',empty)
print(type(empty))
Output:
num = {'b': 0, 'a': 10}empty = {}
Example: Create Dictionary Using Iterable
num1 = dict([('a', 3), ('b', -3)])
print('num1 =',num1)
num2 = dict([('a', 3), ('b', -3)], c=5)
print('num2 =',num2)
# zip() creates an iterable in Python 3
num3 = dict(dict(zip(['a', 'b', 'c'], [2, 3, 4])))
print('num3 =',num3)
Output:
num1 = {'a': 3, 'b': -3} num2 = {'a': 3, 'c': 5, 'b': -3} num3 = {'a': 2, 'c': 4, 'b': 3}
Example: Create Dictionary Using Mapping
num1 = dict({'a': 3, 'b': 4})
print('num1 =',num1)
num2 = {'a': 5, 'b': 6}
print('num2 =',num2)
num3 = dict({'a': 7, 'b': 8}, c=9)
print('num3 =',num3)
Output:
num1 = {'a': 3, 'b': 4} num2 = {'a': 5, 'b': 6} num3 = {'c': 9, 'a': 7, 'b': 8}
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Find current directory and file's directory:
To get the full path to the directory a Python file is contained in, write this in that file:
import os dir_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
(Note that the incantation above won't work if you've already used os.chdir() to change your current working directory, since the value of the __file__ constant is relative to the current working directory and is not changed by an os.chdir() call.)
To get the current working directory use
import os cwd = os.getcwd()
Documentation references for the modules, constants and functions used above:
- The os and os.path modules.
- The __file__ constant
- os.path.realpath(path) (returns "the canonical path of the specified filename, eliminating any symbolic links encountered in the path")
- os.path.dirname(path) (returns "the directory name of pathname path")
- os.getcwd() (returns "a string representing the current working directory")
- os.chdir(path) ("change the current working directory to path")
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