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Python: chr() function

chr() function

The chr() function returns the string representing a character whose Unicode codepoint is the integer.

Note that on narrow Unicode builds, the result is a string of length two for i greater than 65,535 (0xFFFF in hexadecimal).

Syntax:

chr(i)
Python: Built-in function - chr function()

Version:

(Python 3.2.5)

Parameter:

Name Description Required/
Optional
i A character whose Unicode codepoint is the integer i. he valid range for the argument is from 0 through 1,114,111 (0x10FFFF in base 16). ValueError will be raised if i is outside that range. Required

Return value:

Return the string representing a character whose Unicode codepoint is the integer i.

Example: Python chr() function 

print(chr(65))
print(chr(97))
print(chr(124))

Output:

A
a
|

Example: Integer passed to chr() is out of the range

print(chr(-5))

Output:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/sessions/0feab4034af997d8/main.py", line 1, in 
    print(chr(-5))
ValueError: chr() arg not in range(0x110000)

Python Code Editor:

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Python: Tips of the Day

Find current directory and file's directory:

To get the full path to the directory a Python file is contained in, write this in that file:

import os 
dir_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))

(Note that the incantation above won't work if you've already used os.chdir() to change your current working directory, since the value of the __file__ constant is relative to the current working directory and is not changed by an os.chdir() call.)

To get the current working directory use

import os
cwd = os.getcwd()

Documentation references for the modules, constants and functions used above:

  • The os and os.path modules.
  • The __file__ constant
  • os.path.realpath(path) (returns "the canonical path of the specified filename, eliminating any symbolic links encountered in the path")
  • os.path.dirname(path) (returns "the directory name of pathname path")
  • os.getcwd() (returns "a string representing the current working directory")
  • os.chdir(path) ("change the current working directory to path")

Ref: https://bit.ly/3fy0R6m