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Python: range() function

range() function

The range() function is used to get a sequence of numbers, starting from 0 by default, and increments by 1 by default, and ends at a specified number.

Note: Sequence Types - list, tuple, range etc.

Version:

(Python 3.2.5)

Syntax:

range(stop)
range(start, stop[, step])

Parameter: 

Name Description Required /
Optional
start

An integer number specify starting position. Default is 0.

 Optional.
stop

An integer number specify end position. Default is 0.

 Optional.
step Increment between each integer in the sequence. Default is 1 Optional.

Return value:

Returns an immutable sequence object of integers.

Example-1: Python range() function

# empty range
print(list(range(0)))

# using range(stop)
print(list(range(12)))

# using range(start, stop)
print(list(range(1, 15)))

Output:

[]
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14]

Pictorial Presentation:

Python: Built-in-function - range() function

Pictorial Presentation:

Python: Built-in-function - range() function

Example-2: Python range() function

print(range(10))

print(range(0, 30, 5))

print(range(0, -10, -1))

Output:

# range upto 10
print(range(10))

# range upto 30 but 5 step jumps
print(range(0, 30, 5))

# range() works with negative
print(range(0, -10, -1))

Example-3: Python range() works with negative step

# range upto 10
print(list(range(10)))

# range upto 30 but 5 step jumps
print(list(range(0, 30, 5)))

# range() works with negative step
print(list(range(0, -10, -1)))

Output:

[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
[0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25]
[0, -1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9]

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Python: Tips of the Day

Find current directory and file's directory:

To get the full path to the directory a Python file is contained in, write this in that file:

import os 
dir_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))

(Note that the incantation above won't work if you've already used os.chdir() to change your current working directory, since the value of the __file__ constant is relative to the current working directory and is not changed by an os.chdir() call.)

To get the current working directory use

import os
cwd = os.getcwd()

Documentation references for the modules, constants and functions used above:

  • The os and os.path modules.
  • The __file__ constant
  • os.path.realpath(path) (returns "the canonical path of the specified filename, eliminating any symbolic links encountered in the path")
  • os.path.dirname(path) (returns "the directory name of pathname path")
  • os.getcwd() (returns "a string representing the current working directory")
  • os.chdir(path) ("change the current working directory to path")

Ref: https://bit.ly/3fy0R6m