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Python: bytes() function

bytes() function

The bytes() function is used to get a new 'bytes' object.

Note: bytes is an immutable version of bytearray – it has the same non-mutating methods and the same indexing and slicing behavior.

Accordingly, constructor arguments are interpreted as for bytearray()

Syntax:

bytes([source[, encoding[, errors]]])
Python: Built-in function - bytes function()

Version:

(Python 3.2.5)

Return value:

Return a new 'bytes' object, which is an immutable sequence of integers in the range 0 <= x < 256.

Example: Convert iterable list to bytes

num = [0, 200, 50, 25, 10, 255]

a = bytes(num)
print(a)

Output:

b'\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05'

Pictorial Presentation:

Python: Built-in-function - bytes() function

Example: Create a byte of given integer size

s = 10

a = bytes(s)
print(a)

Output:

b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'

Example: Convert string to bytes

str = "Python bytes example."

# string with encoding 'utf-8'
a = bytes(str, 'utf-8')
print(a)

Output:

b'Python bytes example.'

Pictorial Presentation:

Python: Built-in-function - bytes() function

Python Code Editor:

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Python: Tips of the Day

Find current directory and file's directory:

To get the full path to the directory a Python file is contained in, write this in that file:

import os 
dir_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))

(Note that the incantation above won't work if you've already used os.chdir() to change your current working directory, since the value of the __file__ constant is relative to the current working directory and is not changed by an os.chdir() call.)

To get the current working directory use

import os
cwd = os.getcwd()

Documentation references for the modules, constants and functions used above:

  • The os and os.path modules.
  • The __file__ constant
  • os.path.realpath(path) (returns "the canonical path of the specified filename, eliminating any symbolic links encountered in the path")
  • os.path.dirname(path) (returns "the directory name of pathname path")
  • os.getcwd() (returns "a string representing the current working directory")
  • os.chdir(path) ("change the current working directory to path")

Ref: https://bit.ly/3fy0R6m