Python: List the special variables used within the language

Last update on May 28 2022 13:14:04 (UTC/GMT +8 hours)

Python Basic: Exercise-97 with Solution

Write a Python program to list the special variables used within the language.

Sample Solution:-

Python Code:

s_var_names = sorted((set(globals().keys()) | set(__builtins__.__dict__.keys())) - set('_ names i'.split()))
print()
print( '\n'.join(' '.join(s_var_names[i:i+8]) for i in range(0, len(s_var_names), 8)) )
print()

Sample Output:

ArithmeticError AssertionError AttributeError BaseException BlockingIOError BrokenPipeError BufferError BytesW
arning                                                                                                        
ChildProcessError ConnectionAbortedError ConnectionError ConnectionRefusedError ConnectionResetError Deprecati
onWarning EOFError Ellipsis                                                                                   
EnvironmentError Exception False FileExistsError FileNotFoundError FloatingPointError FutureWarning GeneratorE
xit                                                                                                           
IOError ImportError ImportWarning IndentationError IndexError InterruptedError IsADirectoryError KeyError     
KeyboardInterrupt LookupError MemoryError NameError None NotADirectoryError NotImplemented NotImplementedError
OSError OverflowError PendingDeprecationWarning PermissionError ProcessLookupError RecursionError ReferenceErr
or ResourceWarning 
----------
 filter float format frozenset getattr globals hasattr hash                                                    
help hex id input int isinstance issubclass iter                                                              
len license list locals map max memoryview min                                                                
next object oct open ord pow print property                                                                   
quit range repr reversed round set setattr slice                                                              
sorted staticmethod str sum super tuple type vars                                                             
zip

Flowchart:

Python Code Editor:

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Python: Tips of the Day

Find current directory and file's directory:

To get the full path to the directory a Python file is contained in, write this in that file:

import os 
dir_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))

(Note that the incantation above won't work if you've already used os.chdir() to change your current working directory, since the value of the __file__ constant is relative to the current working directory and is not changed by an os.chdir() call.)

To get the current working directory use

import os
cwd = os.getcwd()

Documentation references for the modules, constants and functions used above:

The os and os.path modules.
The __file__ constant
os.path.realpath(path) (returns "the canonical path of the specified filename, eliminating any symbolic links encountered in the path")
os.path.dirname(path) (returns "the directory name of pathname path")
os.getcwd() (returns "a string representing the current working directory")
os.chdir(path) ("change the current working directory to path")

Ref: https://bit.ly/3fy0R6m