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Python: Generate all permutations of a list in Python

Python List: Exercise - 18 with Solution

Write a Python program to generate all permutations of a list in Python.

In mathematics, the notion of permutation relates to the act of arranging all the members of a set into some sequence or order, or if the set is already ordered, rearranging (reordering) its elements, a process called permuting. These differ from combinations, which are selections of some members of a set where order is disregarded.

In the following image each of the six rows is a different permutation of three distinct balls.

Pictorial Presentation

Different permutation of three distinct balls

Sample Solution:-

Python Code:

import itertools
print(list(itertools.permutations([1,2,3])))

Sample Output: 

[(1, 2, 3), (1, 3, 2), (2, 1, 3), (2, 3, 1), (3, 1, 2), (3, 2, 1)]

Flowchart:

Flowchart: Generate all permutations of a list in Python

Visualize Python code execution:

The following tool visualize what the computer is doing step-by-step as it executes the said program:

Python Code Editor:

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Previous: Write a Python program to generate and print a list except for the first 5 elements, where the values are square of numbers between 1 and 30 (both included).
Next: Write a Python program to get the difference between the two lists.

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Python: Tips of the Day

Find current directory and file's directory:

To get the full path to the directory a Python file is contained in, write this in that file:

import os 
dir_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))

(Note that the incantation above won't work if you've already used os.chdir() to change your current working directory, since the value of the __file__ constant is relative to the current working directory and is not changed by an os.chdir() call.)

To get the current working directory use

import os
cwd = os.getcwd()

Documentation references for the modules, constants and functions used above:

  • The os and os.path modules.
  • The __file__ constant
  • os.path.realpath(path) (returns "the canonical path of the specified filename, eliminating any symbolic links encountered in the path")
  • os.path.dirname(path) (returns "the directory name of pathname path")
  • os.getcwd() (returns "a string representing the current working directory")
  • os.chdir(path) ("change the current working directory to path")

Ref: https://bit.ly/3fy0R6m