PostgreSQL Create Table: Create a table which will reject any deletion and any updates

19. Write a SQL statement to create a table employees including columns employee_id, first_name, last_name, job_id, salary and make sure that, the employee_id column does not contain any duplicate value at the time of insertion, and the foreign key column job_id, referenced by the column job_id of jobs table, can contain only those values which exist in the jobs table. The specialty of the statement is that, The ON DELETE NO ACTION and the ON UPDATE NO ACTION actions will reject the deletion and any updates.

Assume that the following is the structure of two table jobs.

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS jobs ( 
JOB_ID INTEGER NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY, 
JOB_TITLE varchar(35) NOT NULL DEFAULT ' ', 
MIN_SALARY decimal(6,0) DEFAULT 8000, 
MAX_SALARY decimal(6,0) DEFAULT NULL
);

Indexes:
    "jobs_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (job_id)

Sample Solution:

Code:

CREATE TABLE employees ( 
EMPLOYEE_ID decimal(6,0) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, 
FIRST_NAME varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL, 
LAST_NAME varchar(25) NOT NULL, 
JOB_ID INTEGER NOT NULL, 
SALARY decimal(8,2) DEFAULT NULL, 
FOREIGN KEY(JOB_ID) 
REFERENCES  jobs(JOB_ID)
ON DELETE NO ACTION 
ON UPDATE NO ACTION
);

Output:

postgres=# CREATE TABLE  employees (
postgres(# EMPLOYEE_ID decimal(6,0) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
postgres(# FIRST_NAME varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
postgres(# LAST_NAME varchar(25) NOT NULL,
postgres(# JOB_ID INTEGER,
postgres(# SALARY decimal(8,2) DEFAULT NULL,
postgres(# FOREIGN KEY(JOB_ID)
postgres(# REFERENCES  jobs(JOB_ID)
postgres(# ON DELETE NO ACTION
postgres(# ON UPDATE NO ACTION
postgres(# );
CREATE TABLE

Here is the command to see the structure of the created table :

postgres=# \d employees
                      Table "public.employees"
   Column    |         Type          |            Modifiers
-------------+-----------------------+---------------------------------
 employee_id | numeric(6,0)          | not null
 first_name  | character varying(20) | default NULL::character varying
 last_name   | character varying(25) | not null
 job_id      | integer               |
 salary      | numeric(8,2)          | default NULL::numeric
Indexes:
    "employees_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (employee_id)
Foreign-key constraints:
    "employees_job_id_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (job_id) REFERENCES jobs(job_id)

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Previous: Write a SQL statement to create a table employees including columns employee_id, first_name, last_name, job_id, salary and make sure that, the employee_id column does not contain any duplicate value at the time of insertion, and the foreign key column job_id, referenced by the column job_id of jobs table, can contain only those values which exist in the jobs table. The specialty of the statement is that the ON DELETE SET NULL action will set the foreign key column values in the child table(employees) to NULL when the record in the parent table(jobs) is deleted, with a condition that the foreign key column in the child table must accept NULL values and the ON UPDATE SET NULL action resets the values in the rows in the child table(employees) to NULL values when the rows in the parent table(jobs) are updated.
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