MySQL LIKE operator

Last update on April 04 2022 13:15:16 (UTC/GMT +8 hours)

LIKE operator

MySQL LIKE operator checks whether a specific character string matches a specified pattern.

Syntax:

expr LIKE pat [ESCAPE 'escape_char']

Pattern matching using SQL simple regular expression comparison. Returns 1 (TRUE) or 0 (FALSE). If either expr or pat is NULL, the result is NULL.
The pattern need not be a literal string. For example, it can be specified as a string expression or table column.
Per the SQL standard, LIKE performs matching on a per-character basis, thus it can produce results different from the = comparison operator.
LIKE operator uses WILDCARDS (i.e. %, _) to match the pattern. This is very useful to check whether a particular character or string is present in the records.

% is used to match any number of characters, even zero characters.
_ is used to match exactly one character.

To test for literal instances of a wildcard character, precede it by the escape character. If you do not specify the ESCAPE character, “\” is assumed.
\% is used to match one "%" character.
\_ Matches one "_" character

MySQL Version: 5.6

Example: MySQL LIKE operator

The following MySQL statement scans the whole author table to find any author name which has a first name starting with character ‘W’ followed by any characters.

Code:

SELECT aut_name, country          
FROM author 
WHERE aut_name LIKE 'W%';

Relational Algebra Expression:

Relational Algebra Tree:

Sample table: author

Sample Output:

mysql> mysql> SELECT aut_name, country          
    -> FROM author 
    -> WHERE aut_name LIKE 'W%';
+-----------------+---------+
| aut_name        | country |
+-----------------+---------+
| William Norton  | UK      | 
| William Maugham | Canada  | 
| William Anthony | UK      | 
+-----------------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.05 sec)

PHP script:

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>example-like- php mysql examples | w3resource</title>
<meta name="description" content="example-like- php mysql examples | w3resource">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.5/css/bootstrap.min.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<h2>List of authors whose name starts with 'w', along with their country:</h2>
<table class='table table-bordered'>
<tr> 
<th>Publisher</th><th>Country</th>
</tr>
<?php
$hostname="your_hostname";
$username="your_username";
$password="your_password";
$db = "your_dbname";
$dbh = new PDO("mysql:host=$hostname;dbname=$db", $username, $password);
foreach($dbh->query('SELECT aut_name, country
FROM author
WHERE aut_name LIKE "W%"') as $row) {
echo "<tr>"; 
echo "<td>" . $row['aut_name'] . "</td>";
echo "<td>" . $row['country'] . "</td>";
echo "</tr>"; 
}
?>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

View the example in browser

JSP script:

<%@page contentType="text/html" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ page import="java.sql.*" %>
<%@ page import="java.io.*" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>example-like</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver").newInstance();
String Host = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/w3resour_bookinfo";
Connection connection = null;
Statement statement = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
connection = DriverManager.getConnection(Host, "root", "datasoft123");
statement = connection.createStatement();
String Data ="SELECT aut_name,country FROM author WHERE aut_name LIKE 'W%'";
rs = statement.executeQuery(Data);
%>
<TABLE border="1">
<tr width="10" bgcolor="#9979">
<td>Publisher</td>
<td>Country</td>
</tr>
<%
while (rs.next()) {
%>
<TR>
<TD><%=rs.getString("aut_name")%></TD>
<TD><%=rs.getString("country")%></TD>
</TR>
<%   }    %>
</table>
<%
rs.close();
statement.close();
connection.close();
} catch (Exception ex) {
out.println("Can’t connect to database.");
}
%>
</body>
</html>

Example: MySQL LIKE operator matching to end

The following MySQL statement scans the whole author table to find any author which have the name ended with ‘on’ string.

Code:

SELECT aut_name, country 
FROM author     
WHERE aut_name LIKE '%on';

Relational Algebra Expression:

Relational Algebra Tree:

Sample table: author

Sample Output:

mysql> SELECT aut_name, country 
    -> FROM author     
    -> WHERE aut_name LIKE '%on';
+----------------+---------+
| aut_name       | country |
+----------------+---------+
| William Norton | UK      | 
| Thomas Merton  | USA     | 
| Piers Gibson   | UK      | 
| Joseph Milton  | USA     | 
+----------------+---------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Example : MySQL LIKE operator matching within the string

The following MySQL statement scans the whole author table to find any author which have a string ‘an’ in his name. Name of the author is stored in aut_name column.

Code:

SELECT aut_name, country 
FROM author
WHERE aut_name LIKE '%an%';

Relational Algebra Expression:

Relational Algebra Tree:

Sample table: author

Sample Output:

mysql> SELECT aut_name, country 
    -> FROM author
    -> WHERE aut_name LIKE '%an%';
+----------------------+-----------+
| aut_name             | country   |
+----------------------+-----------+
| William Anthony      | UK        | 
| S.B.Swaminathan      | India     | 
| Thomas Morgan        | Germany   | 
| John Betjeman Hunter | Australia | 
| Evan Hayek           | Canada    | 
| Butler Andre         | USA       | 
+----------------------+-----------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Example : MySQL LIKE operator matching a specified string

The following MySQL statement searches all authors whose home city are such as ‘London’, ’Landon’ etc. the underscore wildcard is used to mention single character.

Code:

SELECT aut_name, country,home_city       
FROM author        
WHERE home_city LIKE 'L_n_on';

Relational Algebra Expression:

Relational Algebra Tree:

Sample table: author

Sample Output:

mysql> SELECT aut_name, country,home_city       
    -> FROM author        
    -> WHERE home_city LIKE 'L_n_on';
+--------------+---------+-----------+
| aut_name     | country | home_city |
+--------------+---------+-----------+
| Piers Gibson | UK      | London    | 
| C. J. Wilde  | UK      | London    | 
+--------------+---------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Example : MySQL LIKE operator matching escape character

To search a wildcard character or a combination of a wildcard character and any other character, the wildcard character must be preceded by an ESCAPE string. In MySQL, the default ESCAPE string is "\". The following MySQL statement returns those records, whose isbn_no contain '_16'.

code:

SELECT book_name,isbn_no,no_page,book_price 
FROM book_mast 
WHERE isbn_no LIKE '%\_16%';

Relational Algebra Expression:

Relational Algebra Tree:

Sample table: book_mast

Sample Output:

mysql> SELECT book_name,isbn_no,no_page,book_price 
    -> FROM book_mast 
    -> WHERE isbn_no LIKE '%\_16%';
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------+------------+
| book_name                       | isbn_no     | no_page | book_price |
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------+------------+
| Networks and Telecommunications | 00009790_16 |      95 |      45.00 | 
+---------------------------------+-------------+---------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Example : MySQL LIKE operator matching beginning and ending string

Wildcards can also be used in the middle of a search pattern. The following MySQL statement will find all authors whose name begin with a ‘t’ and end with an ‘n’.

Code:

SELECT aut_name, country
FROM author         
WHERE aut_name LIKE 't%n';

Relational Algebra Expression:

Relational Algebra Tree:

Sample table: author

Sample Output:

mysql> SELECT aut_name, country
    -> FROM author         
    -> WHERE aut_name LIKE 't%n';
+---------------+---------+
| aut_name      | country |
+---------------+---------+
| Thomas Morgan | Germany | 
| Thomas Merton | USA     | 
+---------------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Online Practice Editor:

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